The present study was conducted with the aim of Sharing Economy in sports businesses.To answer the research questions, a combined or mixed approach that includes qualitative and quantitative methods has been used.The combined research method that first uses the qualitative method and then the quantitative method. The current research method is practical in terms of the type of goal, because the results will be provided to the country's sports businesses to use it to develop their business. The method of data collection in the first step, library studies and its tools,was taking notes.In this study, using the meta-combined method and after reviewing the literature of the research subject, the indicators of the common Economy in sports were identified and coded,then by categorizing the codes, the initial framework was developed and finally by asking questions and interviewing validity and reliability experts. This model was evaluated and the final model of business innovation in sports complexes was developed based on the Sharing Economy.finally, the effectiveness and use of model indicators were examined and effective indicators were ranked. The results showed that the indicators of the shared Economy regarding the occurrence of innovation in sports businesses include 3 main categories (customers, owners and platform), 9 themes in each sector (sports venues and spaces, sports equipment and supplies, tickets and prizes, Technology, brand and reputation, training and consulting, athletes, managers, coaches, staff and fans) and 126 codes.

Today, business to customer e-commerce systems are the most important business systems in providing services and goods to customers. Startups in these systems need methods to be able to expand their market to respond appropriately to customers. One of the recent innovations to develop services and goods in startups is the use of Sharing Economy. Sharing Economy in B2C startups make better use of facilities and resources and helps them to reduce transaction costs and improve productivity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present a B2C e-commerce model with an emphasis on Sharing Economy in startups, which was done in combination. The present research is fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation based on the method. In the first step, effective factors were identified based on content analysis and interviews with 15 academic experts. The output of this stage was 14 components in 3 dimensions (technology, social and economic). Then, in the second step, the identified dimensions were graded by interpretive structural method and clustered by Mikmak analysis, which was analyzed using Excel software. Interpretive structural results showed that the components are in 10 levels, also Micmac analysis showed that the components (trust-collaboration-product-communication quality-economic factor) in the dependent cluster, components (website usability-availability-obligation-Sharing information-information quality) in the link cluster and components (social value-security-infrastructure-customization) are also in the independent cluster.

ObjectiveThe Sharing Economy represents a new business model in which individuals share their assets with others. In other words, the Sharing Economy enables people to grant access to their possessions for others' use. In some cases, this access is temporary and may even serve as a means of selling products and services. Typically, this Sharing of assets by consumers occurs through online platforms. Given the rapid growth of Sharing Economy businesses, trust has emerged as the most critical issue faced by companies operating in this sector. These businesses require extensive trust-based relationships between users and service providers. However, most individuals in these businesses are unfamiliar with one another, which presents challenges for Sharing Economy enterprises. Accordingly, this study aims to identify the antecedents of trust in the Sharing Economy. MethodologyThis research was conducted using an exploratory mixed-method approach in two stages. The first step involved identifying the topic and determining the research problem as part of the qualitative content analysis process. The second step focused on sample selection. A systematic review method was employed to select the articles. Initially, the research question, “What are the antecedents of trust in the Sharing Economy?” was formulated. In the next stage, articles were searched across scientific journals and various databases, such as ScienceDirect, Emerald, Scopus, and Google Scholar, from 2014 to 2023. This search utilized keywords such as "trust," "Sharing Economy," and "trust in the Sharing Economy," resulting in the collection of 730 articles. After reviewing the articles, 438 were excluded based on their titles, 192 based on their abstracts, and 40 based on their full text and content, leaving 60 articles from reputable scientific journals and international conferences for analysis. It is noteworthy that the search and selection of articles continued until it was confirmed that adding more articles would not yield any new antecedents of trust in the Sharing Economy. After the article selection, the process of qualitative content analysis commenced. In this stage, after selecting words and sentences as meaning units, each article was reviewed twice by the researchers. Once the antecedents were identified, codes with similar concepts were grouped under specific sub-category names to form sub-categories. Sub-categories with common concepts were then grouped and labeled as main categories. Regarding the validity of the categorization, a coding and categorization guide was developed and reviewed by two subject-matter experts. After receiving their feedback, necessary revisions were made. In the second stage, the Best-Worst Method (BWM), a multi-criteria decision-making method, was used to prioritize the categories. Accordingly, a Best-Worst questionnaire was prepared and sent to 10 experts in the field of the Sharing Economy, selected through the snowball sampling method. Finally, the data from the Best-Worst questionnaire were analyzed using Excel software. FindingsAfter a thorough examination, 26 indicators were identified as antecedents of trust in the Sharing Economy. These 26 antecedents were then grouped into six main categories. The identified categories include platform value propositions (social values, cultural values), brand experience (user experience, service personalization), consumers' ethical perceptions (platform security, user protection, transparency), perceived quality (service quality), platform branding (brand personality, brand strength), and platform capabilities (technical capabilities, reliability). ConclusionThe results of the analysis indicate that platform branding is the most important category among the identified antecedents of trust in the Sharing Economy. In contrast, consumers' ethical perceptions were found to be the least significant category. After discussing the research limitations and offering suggestions for future research, practical recommendations were provided for businesses operating in the Sharing Economy sector.

The primary aim of this research is to explore and analyze the profound and extensive impacts of Sharing Economy platforms on new entrepreneurial models within smart cities. This study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these platforms facilitate innovation and urban economic development. This study employs a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews with 28 entrepreneurs, city managers, and ICT experts. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results indicate that Sharing Economy platforms serve as powerful facilitators for promoting innovation, creating new job opportunities, and improving access to services in smart cities. These platforms effectively reduce entry barriers for new entrepreneurs and strengthen dynamic and creative entrepreneurial ecosystems. This study underscores that Sharing Economy platforms play a crucial role in the sustainable development of smart cities. They not only aid in stimulating economic growth and innovation but can also act as catalysts for change in traditional business models and promote a culture of collaborative entrepreneurship.

Purpose: To connect and share resources between industrial units with unused resources on the one hand, and production systems in need on the other, a concept called “ Sharing Economy " can be used. If Sharing Economy is sufficiently explained, and its theoretical aspects strengthened, more actions perform to make this concept practical. Therefore, in the present study, after studying the literature and previous studies, the components of Sharing Economy are identified and generalized to production systems. Utilizing a Sharing Economy will have a significant impact on increasing the productivity of production systems through resources Sharing. Design/methodology/approach: In the first phase of this research, the library study method used to collect data and information. Content analysis method used to analyze the data and identify the dimensions and components of the Sharing Economy. Then, in the second phase of the research, the interview process and expert opinions were used to determine the dimensions, elements, and examples of Sharing Economy in production systems. After extracting questions from the concepts extracted from the first phase of the research and after conducting the interview process and summarizing it, the components and dimensions of the Sharing Economy in production systems validated and their examples identified. Findings: In this study, the components of Sharing Economy in production systems identified as follows: resource Sharing, shared parties, forms of Sharing, information and communication exchange system, ownership and access conditions, surplus capacity, exchange benefits for Sharing parties and others, and social issues in Sharing. These elements categorized into four dimensions: Sharing mechanism, Sharing requirements and conditions, Sharing purpose, and Sharing consequences. Research limitations/implications: Considering the wide range and levels of coverage of the concept of Sharing Economy and its various operational areas, summarizing the definitions and extracting the components is highly complicated. It also seems hard to reach experts who work in the field of production systems and Sharing Economy or those who are familiar with its concepts. The following study subjects suggested to develop Sharing Economy in production systems: i) counting and examining the challenges facing the Sharing Economy, such as legal issues, building trust, ethical issues, insurance and taxes, and providing solutions to solve it; ii) the role of resource Sharing and Sharing Economy in lean, agile, sustainable, green, and resilience of production systems; iii) the role of social issues regarding the Sharing Economy in production systems or designing a socio-economic model for it; and iv) determining the type of relationship between the dimensions and components of the Sharing Economy and how they affect and intensify each other with the help of methods such as structural equation modelling. Practical implications: The use of Sharing Economy leads to better use of resources and reduced cost of using it, reduced product cost, increased competitiveness and ultimately improved efficiency and productivity of the production system. For the supplier of resources, resource Sharing in production systems leads to the prevention of stock death, earned profit and strengthened financial resources; and for the recipient of resources, it leads to reduced cost of access to resources and investment, and thus saved liquidity. In addition to the Sharing parties, intermediaries and service providers, government and government agencies, the country's economic market, the working community, society, consumers and even scientific and research centres benefit. Social implications: Resource Sharing in production systems can affect or be affected by social issues. The attitude of rulers and politicians in governing society and passing laws, and overseeing their implementation can affect the concept of a Sharing Economy. Sharing helps in increasing social capital in the areas of education and public awareness, building trust, increasing interactions, and connecting production systems with social participation, and increasing the general level of community culture. Sharing strengthens a sense of social responsibility and can also be significant in the field of social justice and reducing social harm. Originality/value: If the concept of Sharing Economy explained sufficiently and its theoretical aspects strengthened, it can be operational in the next steps. In this regard, in this study, the dimensions and elements of the Sharing Economy in production systems identified. These dimensions and components can provide the basis for designing a practical and operational model for implementing a Sharing Economy in production systems, can reduce the gap between practice and theory, and can guide managers and business activists and those involved in the field.

Background: Given the rapid development of social networks and advances in electronic devices, many businesses have emerged in the context of Sharing Economy. Since the Sharing Economy is a peer-to-peer business model, ethical issues and creating value play a significant role. Most research on value creation in the Sharing Economy has not addressed how value is created for all actors in the Sharing Economy. This paper aims to examine all participants in the Sharing Economy to develop a value creation framework. This research also investigates the role of ethical concepts, including customer empathy, customer and service provider citizenship behaviour, and extra-role value behaviour in this framework. Method: The method includes a qualitative study with a grounded theory approach. The statistical population consists of three different stakeholders (managers, providers, and customers) in the tourism industry of Iran. This study employed purposive and theoretical sampling. The sample consists of 34 in-depth interviews. The data is analysed with a grounded theory approach using MAXQDA software. Results: The research findings lead to a value creation model in the Sharing Economy with respect to ethical issues such as customer empathy, citizenship behaviour, and extra-role behaviour considering all participants in the Sharing Economy. Conclusion: Findings have helped to bridge the gaps in the theory. They have supported developing a theoretical framework for value creation concepts in Sharing Economy, including antecedents and consequences of perceived value. Findings also reveal that customer empathy and customer citizenship behaviour positively affects how customers and service providers perceived value.

Objective: The emergence of industry 4.0 and the globalization of the supply chain has caused the supply chains to be more exposed to crises and disruptions. One of the concepts that can be a solution in this regard is resilience and how to design and implement strategies related to it. In this regard, emerging technologies Industry 4.0 can lead the way. The purpose of this applied and mixed exploratory research is to examine the dimensions of supply chain resilience with a focus on technology in Sharing Economy businesses. Methodology: The participants of the qualitative part of the research were 13 people from Sharing Economy business experts who were selected by the snowball method. The statistical population of the quantitative part was also 71 managers and experts who were selected in a purposeful and accessible way. In this research, data have been collected with the library method by reviewing articles, books and theses, and then a researcher-made questionnaire. in the qualitative part, using meta-synthesis and Delphi method with Excel and SPSS software, and in the quantitative part, data has been analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis with the method of partial least squares and Smart-PLS software. Findings: Findings of this research include 64 extracted codes that are grouped into 4 factors. Organizational-cultural factor with 14 indicators, environmental-market factor with 17 indicators, technology factor with 13 indicators and supply chain factor with 20 indicators have been obtained. According to the results of the research, the supply chain factor has the greatest impact on the resilience of the supply chain, followed by the cultural-organizational factor and the technology factor, and finally, the environmental-market factor has the least impact. According to these results, it is suggested that increase coordination and cooperation among supply chain factors.

Objective Considering the emergence of many start-up businesses in the Sharing Economy industry and considering the newness of this industry, it is understood that many are not aware of the right path of co-innovation of the brand to achieve customer involvement and co-creation of value and create loyalty on their behalf. This gap has resulted in the inefficiency of many brands established in this field. If companies can successfully navigate this process, they have the potential to secure a significant entrepreneurial position in society. However, due to insufficient guidance and direction, they have struggled to develop effective and productive platforms for brand co-innovation. Brand co-innovation occurs when brand value is created through interaction and communication by different stakeholders in a fluid space subject to continuous negotiation and creation, and often develops beyond the strategic goals set by brand managers. This challenges many traditional assumptions of brand management and necessitates the adoption of a new management approach. This traditional perspective challenges the value proposition of the brand and instead argues that, while managers must present the brand from within the organization, they must also be willing to accept that the meaning of the brand with many stakeholders. The brand here is an organic perspective that is replacing the traditional static perspective and shows that the brand is created in innovation with stakeholders. This study aims to explain an efficient brand co-innovation model in the Sharing Economy based on the involvement of customers and co-creation of value in start-up businesses, which leads to the proper use and application of all the existing capacities of these businesses. Moreover, the researchers identified a theoretical gap, noting that no prior research has explored the entire branding process through co-innovation from inception to completion within an industry, particularly in the Sharing Economy.   Methodology This research employs a mixed-methods design. In the first stage, a narrative review was conducted to develop a conceptual framework. The second stage involved qualitative data collection through interviews and a focus group discussion. Finally, a quantitative phase utilized a questionnaire to address specific research questions. The statistical population comprises users and employees of Snapfood and Snapbox. Consequently, the qualitative section incorporates the perspectives of managers and experts from these organizations, while the quantitative section gathers the opinions of the users. Data collection in the qualitative phase was conducted through semi-structured interviews, and the quantitative phase utilized a questionnaire developed based on qualitative findings. Various methods were employed to assess the validity and reliability of both instruments. Thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative data, and structural equation modelling was used to analyse the quantitative data.   Findings The research findings in the qualitative part led to the explanation of the brand co-innovation model in the Sharing Economy based on the involvement of customers and co-creation of value in start-up businesses, which was confirmed in the qualitative part of the model with some changes.   Conclusion This research provides results that can enhance customer motivation for involvement and value co-creation, offering start-up business managers a framework to realize co-innovation between the company and its customers. The proposed model can help start-up businesses in the Sharing Economy to utilize their full capacity by properly involving customers and co-creating brand value, ultimately leading to stronger brand development and stakeholder engagement.